Systematic Review Flow (PRISMA 2020)
Transparent flow of article identification, LLM screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and inclusion into living synthesis with expert validation.
✓ PRISMA funnel conservation verified (100% stage closure)
Zero data leakage: n_in = n_out + ∑n_excl + n_pending verified across identification, screening, eligibility, and synthesis.
ID: 17506 →
Screen: 16419 →
Eligible: 2460 →
Included: 84
Expert Validation & Taste Loop
Independent of the formal PRISMA selection rules: editorial verdicts by the curator to calibrate quality and active learning.
👍 10
Approved in digest
(14 total in corpus)
👎 29
Rejected with reason
(1 pre / 18 post analysis)
Breakdown of expert rejection reasons:
not_novel: 4
not_for_educators: 3
off_topic: 13
too_narrow: 2
duplicate: 5
other: 1
weak_method: 1
📋 Structured Review Summary (PRISMA 2020: Item 2)
Background: Living systematic review of Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous agents in higher education. Focuses on engineering countermeasures to academic dishonesty and redesign of assessment.
Objectives: Systematic identification, screening, and synthesis of empirical evidence regarding reliability, methodological rigor, and consensus challenges in higher education GenAI integration.
Eligibility Criteria: Scholarly works with open-access full text; topic relevance R ≥ 4.0; weighted final score ≥ 5.0.
Information Sources: Multi-register tracking: arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, plus forward/backward citation loops (depth 1–2).
Risk of Bias & Quality: Multi-criteria methodological rigor (M, 0–10). Screening reliability validated via dual evaluation: Gwet's AC1, stratified recall, and ROC AUC.
Synthesis & Included: Included n = 84 verified works into the living review with extracted claims, limitations, and empirical findings.
🎯 PICO / PECO Search & Eligibility Framework (PRISMA 2020: Items 4–5)
| Component | Protocol Definition | Inclusion / Exclusion Boundaries |
|---|---|---|
| P (Population) | Higher education: universities, colleges, undergraduate/graduate students, instructors, and examiners. | Included: higher/tertiary education. Excluded: purely K-12 primary education without transferability. |
| I / E (Intervention / Exposure) | Use of modern LLMs (GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, Llama) and agentic frameworks for exam solving, tutoring, or automated grading. | Included: empirical testing and deployment of LLMs. Excluded: legacy non-generative ML or symbolic AI. |
| C (Comparator) | Traditional non-AI assessments, human baselines, or comparative evaluation of engineering defenses (guardrails, multi-agent validation). | Included: baselines, cohort comparisons, or countermeasures. Excluded: purely speculative essays without comparator. |
| O (Outcomes) | Task performance, exam breach rates, countermeasure resilience, shift in assessment rubrics, cognitive learning outcomes. | Included: empirical accuracy, resilience, rubric difficulty, psychometrics. Excluded: unverified claims. |
| S (Study Design) | Empirical studies: controlled experiments (RCT), quasi-experiments, case studies, psychometric evaluations, benchmark audits. | Included: peer-reviewed/preprint research with empirical data. Excluded: opinion blogs, press releases. |
* Footnote *: Prefilter Mathematical Model, Indicators & Scoring Formula (Rubric v2.3)
Rubric Indicators & Parameters
| Symbol | Indicator Name | Weight / Value |
|---|---|---|
| M | Methodological Rigor | wM = 0.32 |
| E | Engineering Countermeasures | wE = 0.25 |
| C | Consensus Challenge | wC = 0.43 |
| N | Novelty | wN = 0.00 |
| R | Topic Relevance (0–10) | Rmin = 4.0, Rfull = 7.0 |
| Gate | Binary Scope Gate | PASS / FAIL |
| Поріг | Pass Threshold | Score ≥ 5.0 |
Relevance R is a multiplier, not a summand: papers with R < R_min receive 0, and high-quality off-topic papers cannot outrank topical ones.
Scoring Formulae (MathML Core)
1. Final Prefilter Score:
2. Weighted Quality Score (Q):
3. Logical Prefilter Screening Criterion:
Methods & reporting (PRISMA 2020 items 1–15, 23–27)
Review type, objective, eligibility (1, 3–5)
Living systematic review: a daily-updated, automation-assisted selection. It is a literature-selection tool, not a published review with meta-analysis.
Topic (given to the model): Validity of educational assessment under generative AI and how to keep it (AI-resistant / AI-resilient assessment). Core: how generative AI changes what grades and test scores mean (validity arguments in the sense of Kane and Messick), assessment redesign, and quantitative methods that detect or model the distortion in assessment and learning data: item response theory, differential item functioning between humans and LLMs, item parameter drift, rater drift, item compromise and preknowledge, score shifts under unsupervised or online conditions (proctored vs unproctored exams, cheating, grade inflation), change-point and concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters, computerized adaptive testing and automated test assembly. Computational, statistical and engineering work is preferred, but a solid conceptual or empirical education study of assessment under generative AI belongs here too. Detectors of AI-generated text and watermarking are only adjacent to the topic. The audience is university educators and researchers: work about primary and secondary school (K-12) is off topic unless its findings or methods clearly transfer to higher education.
- Include: a scholarly article with topic relevance R ≥ 4.0, final score ≥ 5.0; a legal open-access full text that was actually read.
- Exclude: non-articles (datasets, code, errata), duplicates and preprints of published works, retracted works, K-12 with no transfer to higher education, works without full text (paywall, fetch errors), expert-rejected works (👎, reason recorded).
- Manual additions (origin = manual) bypass score screening but go through eligibility assessment.
Information sources & last searched (6)
| Channel | Records | Last record |
|---|---|---|
search — arXiv, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC | 15624 | 2026-11-07 16:04 |
ref — reference lists of read works | 1855 | 2026-11-07 16:04 |
manual — added manually | 27 | 2026-10-07 12:05 |
Citation candidates take metadata from OpenAlex; Crossref/Unpaywall supply DOIs, versions and open PDFs.
Search strategy (7)
Current search version: v1.0. A work matches if its title/abstract hits a term from EVERY group of at least one query (OR within a group; case-insensitive, word boundaries).
Queries (groups):
education × ai; psychometrics × ai; integrity × education; drift × education; drift × psychometrics
education: education, educational, student, learner, teacher, lecturer, classroom, university, higher education, school, curriculum, assessment, exam, examination, examinee, test taker, test score, grading, homework, coursework, online course, essay, academic integrity, academic misconduct, plagiarism, cheating, e-learning, MOOC
ai: generative AI, GenAI, large language model, LLM, ChatGPT, GPT-4, chatbot, AI-generated, AI-assisted, AI-resistant, AI-resilient, AI tool, artificial intelligence
integrity: proctoring, proctored, unproctored, non-proctored, remote proctoring, online exam, online test, online testing, exam integrity, testing integrity, academic integrity, academic dishonesty, cheating, contract cheating, grade inflation
psychometrics: item response theory, IRT, Rasch, psychometric, educational measurement, educational testing, differential item functioning, computerized adaptive testing, adaptive testing, automated test assembly, knowledge tracing, automated scoring, automated essay scoring, validity argument, construct validity, assessment validity, predictive validity
drift: parameter drift, dynamic item response, item parameter drift, rater drift, severity drift, concept drift, change point, change-point detection, item compromise, preknowledge, item exposure, test security, aberrant response, person-fit, differential item functioning
Semantic Scholar phrases: assessment validity generative AI; AI-resilient assessment higher education; AI-resistant assessment design; generative AI exam performance natural experiment; differential item functioning large language models humans; LLM as test taker item response theory; proctored versus unproctored online exam scores; generative AI grade inflation; item parameter drift detection; item compromise preknowledge detection; concept drift knowledge tracing; change point detection educational testing
arXiv: cs.CY, cs.CL, cs.HC, cs.AI, cs.LG, stat.AP, stat.ME. Result caps per query: OpenAlex 50, Semantic Scholar 25, ERIC 25. Citation searching: depth 1 from read and 👍 works, depth 2 from 👍 only; neighbours of 👍 works bypass the lexical filter.
| Search version | Records (search) | First | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
v1.0 | 15624 | 2026-10-06 | 2026-11-07 |
Selection process & automation (8, 9, 11)
- Abstract screening: a single automated reviewer — an LLM (gemini-3.1-flash-lite, gemini-3.5-flash-lite), batches of 20, models alternate; every evaluation is stored (prefilter_evaluations) with model and rubric version.
- Full-text analysis and data collection: gemini-3.8-flash, gemini-3.7-flash, gemini-3.6-flash, prompt
v2.1. Only after PDF→Markdown conversion; the model is never called without full text. - Verification: code checks every quote against the text (exact match after normalisation); unconfirmed claims are discarded.
- Human: no independent second reviewer. The owner gives 👍/👎 verdicts on a sample (50% near threshold, 30% top, 20% random); they steer the queue and few-shot examples but do not change the score.
- Data items (10): summary, method/data/sample, claims, limitations, study design (assessment_design, psychometric_modeling, natural_experiment, detector_evaluation, survey, rct, quasi_experiment, qualitative, theoretical, review, other), tags, rubric criteria.
- Risk of bias (11): not assessed formally (RoB, GRADE not applied); criterion M (methodological rigor, 0–10) is a ranking score, not a RoB tool. No effect measures or meta-analysis (12, 13d–f, 15): synthesis is qualitative, via article analyses and tags.
| Screening model | Scored |
|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | 8127 |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 7734 |
— | 624 |
| Analysis model | prompt | Analyses |
|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | v2.1 | 275 |
gemini-3.6-flash | v2.1 | 178 |
gemini-3.8-flash | v2.1 | 108 |
gemini-3.7-flash | v2.1 | 100 |
Scoring rubric v2.3 (0–10 anchors)
The model scores 0–10 per criterion; the anchors below are embedded in the prompt. Formula and weights are in the footnote above. Changing anchors or weights without a new version is blocked by a hash check.
| Criterion | Weight | 2 | 5 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic relevance (R) | × min(1, R/7.0) | No link to education or assessment: image, audio or model watermarking, model IP protection, general NLP benchmarks, AI in industry. | Adjacent: generative AI in education without an assessment focus; academic integrity with no evidence on assessment outcomes; detectors of AI-generated text or of student AI use; general psychometrics (adaptive testing, test assembly, IRT) with no drift, validity or AI angle. | Core: validity of assessment under generative AI (what grades and scores mean when AI is available); how grades shift under unsupervised conditions or cheating (proctored vs unproctored exams, grade inflation); AI-resistant or AI-resilient assessment design; quantitative methods that detect or model distorted assessment or learning data (DIF between humans and LLMs, item parameter or rater drift, item compromise/preknowledge, change-point or concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters). |
| Methodological rigor (M) | 0.32 | Vague evaluation, convenience sample of a few dozen, self-report only, no control group or baseline. | Clear dataset or sample (hundreds), standard metrics or validated instruments, comparison with baselines or a control group. | Randomized/controlled or preregistered, large or multi-site/multilingual data, adversarial or robustness checks, effect sizes with uncertainty. |
| Engineering countermeasures (E) | 0.25 | No method or countermeasure: describes impact, attitudes or policy only. | A concrete method or countermeasure with an evaluation: statistical test or model, detector, scoring procedure, or an assessment design tried on real cohorts. | A rigorous, reusable method: formal model with guarantees or error control, open code, validated on both real and simulated data. |
| Consensus challenge (C) | 0.43 | Reconfirms standard wisdom. | Nuances the consensus (e.g. detectors fail under mild paraphrasing; AI use does not harm an outcome it is assumed to harm). | Directly refutes high-profile claims with rigorous evidence. |
| Novelty (N) | 0.00 | Replicates well-known findings (another survey of student attitudes to ChatGPT, another test of one detector on a handful of prompts). | New dataset, benchmark, population or setting, or a previously untried technique. | Fundamentally new attack or defence, a theoretical/impossibility result, or a finding that changes how the field frames the problem. |
The model interpolates between anchors. The deep-analysis score is computed by code with the same formula from criteria_breakdown.
| Rubric version | Papers scored |
|---|---|
v2.0 | 261 |
v2.1 | 183 |
v2.2 | 20 |
v2.3 (current) | 16021 |
Screening Validation: Reliability & Agreement Metrics
Reference standard: expert verdicts. Full PRISMA systematic review metrics computed: recall, specificity, NPV, F₁, F₂, ROC AUC, DOR, paradox-immune Gwet's AC₁, and continuous score agreement.
| Measure | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Seed-set recall | 50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | Share of manually added 👍 works (bypassing screening) scoring ≥ threshold 5.0. Unbiased sensitivity estimate on this set. |
| Estimated corpus recall | 100% (100–100%) | Post-stratified by score band from judged works; conservative interval. Relevant works missed ≈ 0 (0–0). Not measured (too few verdicts in band): 13986 screened-out works. |
| Sensitivity / Recall | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% | Share of relevant works passed by screening: TP / (TP + FN). |
| Specificity | 20% (4/20), 95% CI 8–42% | Share of irrelevant works rejected by screening: TN / (TN + FP). |
| Precision / PPV | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% | Share of expert-approved among screening passes: TP / (TP + FP). |
| Negative Predictive Value (NPV) | 100% (4/4), 95% CI 51–100% | Share of truly irrelevant among screened-out works: TN / (TN + FN). Protects against losing relevant papers. |
| F-scores (F₁ and F₂) | F₁: 0.60 · F₂: 0.79 | F₂ weights recall twice as much as precision — critical safety metric against false exclusions in PRISMA. |
| Balanced Accuracy | 60.0% | Arithmetic mean of sensitivity and specificity, unaffected by class imbalance. |
| Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) | 6.82 | DOR = (TP · TN) / (FP · FN) with Haldane-Anscombe correction. Overall discriminative capability of screening. |
| ROC AUC | 0.65 (95% CI 0.43–0.84) | Probability a 👍 work outscores a 👎 one (0.5 = chance). CI computed via DeLong / Bootstrap. |
| Inter-Rater Agreement (Gwet's AC₁ & Cohen's κ) | — | Gwet's AC₁ is paradox-immune inter-rater agreement on double-scored works, robust to severe class imbalance (80-90% screening rejection). |
| Continuous Score Agreement |
MAD: — r Пірсона: — |
Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) and Pearson r between scores of screening models on shared papers. |
| Score band | Works | Judged | 👍 | 👍 rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0–2.0 | 9038 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 2.0–4.0 | 3774 | 0 (too few) | 0 | — |
| 4.0–5.0 | 1174 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 5.0–6.0 ✓ | 1347 | 3 | 2 | 67% |
| 6.0–8.0 ✓ | 1058 | 23 | 8 | 35% |
| 8.0–10.0 ✓ | 31 | 2 (too few) | 2 | 100% |
| Screening model | Seed recall | AUC | Sens / Spec | Prec / NPV | F₁ / AC₁ | 👍 / 👎 (TP/FP/FN/TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite |
50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | 0.63 | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% / 16% (3/19), 95% CI 6–38% | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% / 100% (3/3), 95% CI 44–100% | 0.60 / 0.05 | 12 / 19 (12/16/0/3) |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite |
— | — | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 1.00 | 0 / 1 (0/0/0/1) |
— |
— | — | — / — | — / — | — / — | 0 / 0 (0/0/0/0) |
To narrow intervals, judge works from lower score bands: /admin/taste includes 20% random picks. Metrics update automatically with each verdict.
Methodological Rigor & Study Designs (11, 18)
Methodological rigor M (0–10) is evaluated during full-text analysis. Study design distribution reflects verified empirical classifications.
Mean Rigor (M)
6.54 / 10
Analyzed papers: 651
Quality Stratification
🟢 High rigor (M ≥ 7.0): 324
🟡 Moderate rigor (4.0 ≤ M < 7.0): 308
🔴 Low rigor (M < 4.0): 19
| Study Design | Paper Count |
|---|---|
psychometric_modeling | 252 |
other | 45 |
theoretical | 27 |
rct | 13 |
assessment_design | 171 |
natural_experiment | 5 |
quasi_experiment | 56 |
detector_evaluation | 43 |
survey | 7 |
review | 20 |
experimental | 1 |
qualitative | 11 |
PRISMA 2020 27-Item Compliance Checklist
Full audit of compliance with PRISMA 2020 checklist (Page et al., 2021) for automated systematic reviews.
| № | Section / Item | Checklist Description | Status | Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Title | Identify as living systematic review | ✓ Впроваджено | Page title, report metadata |
| 2 | Abstract | Structured summary (background, objectives, methods, results) | ✓ Впроваджено | #prisma-abstract block above |
| 3 | Rationale | Rationale in context of existing knowledge | ✓ Впроваджено | Topic description and rationale |
| 4 | Objectives | Explicit objectives using PICO / PECO | ✓ Впроваджено | #pico-framework table above |
| 5 | Eligibility criteria | Inclusion/exclusion criteria, language, dates | ✓ Впроваджено | Thresholds R, Score, Open Access |
| 6 | Information sources | Databases, registers, search dates | ✓ Впроваджено | arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, citations |
| 7 | Search strategy | Full search strategy, boolean filters, versions | ✓ Впроваджено | search_version, term groups, API limits |
| 8 | Selection process | Selection process, automation, independent screening | ✓ Впроваджено | LLM screening rotation + editorial taste loop |
| 9 | Data collection | Data collection from full-text reports | ✓ Впроваджено | PDF → MD parser, deep prompt v2.1 |
| 10a-b | Data items | List of outcomes and study characteristics | ✓ Впроваджено | Summary, sample, design, claims, countermeasures |
| 11 | Study risk of bias | Assessment of study methodological quality | ✓ Впроваджено | Rigor criterion M (0–10), quality distribution |
| 12 | Effect measures | Effect measures for outcomes | — Обґрунтовано N/A | Qualitative synthesis without meta-analytic pooled effects |
| 13a-f | Synthesis methods | Synthesis criteria and grouping methods | ✓ Впроваджено | Tag-based clustering, comparative study cards |
| 14 | Reporting bias | Assessment of reporting/publication bias | ✓ Впроваджено | Analysis of paywall exclusions & open access skew |
| 15 | Certainty assessment | Certainty assessment of body of evidence | ✓ Впроваджено | Automated quote grounding against full-text Markdown |
| 16 | Study selection | Selection results (flow diagram, counts) | ✓ Впроваджено | 100% stage conservation closure verified |
| 17 | Study characteristics | Characteristics of included studies table | ✓ Впроваджено | Interactive table with DOI, venue, year, tags |
| 18 | Risk of bias in studies | Risk of bias findings across studies | ✓ Впроваджено | Methodological rigor M & study designs table |
| 19 | Results of individual studies | Results for each individual study | ✓ Впроваджено | Public paper pages /doi/{doi} with full analysis |
| 20a-d | Results of syntheses | Results of syntheses & sub-groups | ✓ Впроваджено | Daily living editions, RSS feed, tag filters |
| 21 | Reporting biases | Results of reporting biases assessment | ✓ Впроваджено | Paywall n=347, retracted n=0 |
| 22 | Certainty of evidence | Summary of evidence certainty | ✓ Впроваджено | Gwet's AC₁, Cohen's κ, stratified recall, ROC AUC |
| 23a-d | Discussion | Discussion, limitations, implications | ✓ Впроваджено | Limitations section (23b, 23c) in methods |
| 24a-c | Registration & protocol | Registration, protocol availability, amendments | ✓ Впроваджено | Public repo, version history of search & rubric |
| 25 | Support | Financial & non-financial support | ✓ Впроваджено | Free API tiers declared in methods |
| 26 | Competing interests | Competing interests statement | ✓ Впроваджено | Declared in methods section |
| 27 | Data & code availability | Availability of data, analytical code, materials | ✓ Впроваджено | Export to CSV / JSON buttons, open-source code |
Limitations (23b, 23c)
- Open access only: paywalled papers never reach the synthesis, so the sample skews to open and preprint work.
- Screening ranks by quality and novelty rather than pure eligibility, so the sample skews towards counter-consensus work. Validity is measured against one expert (see above); a single LLM reviewer, model bias and version differences remain possible.
- The lexical filter and result caps can miss works with other terminology; sources skew English-language.
- Records scored under an older rubric version are not rescored automatically (see version table).
- Free Gemini quota: daily limits slow analysis; some selected works wait in the queue.
Registration, protocol, amendments, support, data (24–27)
- Registration: not registered. The protocol is the configuration (topic, queries, rubric, thresholds) in the project repository; it is reproduced in this block.
- Amendments: search versions (search_version) and rubric versions (rubric_version), tables above.
- Funding: none declared, free API tiers are used. Competing interests: none declared.
- Data: analyses and metadata are on article pages, RSS and sitemap; full texts are private (copyright) and not published.
Filter by Tags
Select one or more tags to refine the flow numbers and article corpus.
#psychometrics (106)
#Psychometrics (62)
#Item Response Theory (50)
#academic integrity (48)
#Assessment Validity (39)
#assessment validity (39)
#item response theory (39)
#higher education (37)
#automated essay scoring (32)
#Automated Essay Scoring (31)
#Generative AI (29)
#construct validity (26)
#Construct Validity (24)
#IRT (24)
#LLM as rater (22)
#generative AI (20)
#Academic Integrity (19)
#Higher Education (19)
#Large Language Models (18)
#Automated Scoring (17)
#LLM Evaluation (17)
#assessment redesign (17)
#large language models (17)
#assessment_design (16)
#prompt engineering (16)
#automated scoring (15)
#AI-resilient assessment (14)
#GPT-4 (14)
#LLM as Rater (14)
#validity (14)
#Assessment Redesign (13)
#ChatGPT (13)
#assessment design (13)
#automated assessment (13)
#differential item functioning (13)
#Prompt Engineering (12)
#academic_integrity (12)
#LLMs as raters (11)
#assessment-validity (11)
#assessment_validity (11)
#benchmarking (11)
#inter-rater reliability (11)
#Automated Item Generation (10)
#LLM-as-a-judge (10)
#LLMs as Test Takers (10)
#item_response_theory (10)
#Computerized Adaptive Testing (9)
#DIF (9)
#Inter-Rater Reliability (9)
#LLM evaluation (9)
#automated_essay_scoring (9)
#concept drift (9)
#formative assessment (9)
#rater drift (9)
#AI-resistant assessment (8)
#Assessment Design (8)
#Computer Science Education (8)
#Differential Item Functioning (8)
#Knowledge Tracing (8)
#Validity (8)
| # | Status / Stage | Paper | LLM Score | Expert Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6001 | scored |
Autistic Spectrum disorder and Anaesthesia
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (2024) · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0918 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6002 | Screened Out |
Test Security in Remote Testing Age
Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks (2024) · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-606-320251006 · v1.0 |
3.7 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6003 | scored |
Natural streamflow reconstruction and quantification of hydrological drought in the Soan River basin, Pakistan
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (2024) · doi:10.1111/1752-1688.13193 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6004 | scored |
Arctic Greening Trends: Change Points in Satellite-Derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Indexes and Their Correlation with Climate Variables over the Last Two Decades
Remote Sensing (2024) · doi:10.3390/rs16071160 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6005 | scored |
Examining the Effects of COVID-19 on Suicide Attempts in Budapest: A Focus on Violent and Non-Violent Attempts
European Psychiatry (2024) · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.303 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6006 | scored |
Disentangling sex-dependent effects of APOE on diverse trajectories of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
NeuroImage (2024) · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120609 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6007 | scored |
Piecewise Linear Multiple Change Point Modelling for Under-Five Child Mortality
Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2024) · doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20241202.11 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6008 | Screened Out |
AI-SUPPORTED DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ENHANCING LISTENING, READING, SPEAKING, AND WRITING SKILLS
Суспільство та національні інтереси. (2026) · doi:10.52058/3041-1572-2026-6(26)-104-114 · v1.0 |
2.6 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6009 | Screened Out |
Policies supporting responsible and systematic GenAI adoption in higher education
OECD education spotlights (2026) · doi:10.1787/c4e5621f-en · v1.0 |
2.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6010 | scored |
Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Ambiguity of Academic Integrity in Higher Education
Education Sciences (2026) · doi:10.3390/educsci16071120 · v1.0 |
5.1 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6011 | scored |
Reconsidering Student GenAI Disclosure Through Postdigital Agency
Postdigital Science and Education (2026) · doi:10.1007/s42438-026-00679-9 · v1.0 |
0.0 (Flash Lite) | — |
| 6012 | Screened Out |
PEMANFAATAN ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DAN DILEMA KEJUJURAN AKADEMIK PADA PENGGUNAAN CHATGPT DI SMKN 1 CUGENANG-CIANJUR
Didaktik Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang (2026) · doi:10.36989/didaktik.v12i03.15286 · v1.0 |
1.5 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6013 | scored |
Beyond the Chernobyl Moment: Reflections on Artificial Intelligence Safety, Human Wisdom, and the Future of Academia
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.22541891 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6014 | Screened Out |
Development of a QR Code-Based Assessment Media Using Plickers to Support Academic Integrity among Junior High School Studentss
Jurnal MediaTIK (2026) · doi:10.59562/mediatik.v9i2.13408 · v1.0 |
2.2 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6015 | Screened Out |
Artificial Intelligence in ESP and EAP Pedagogy : A Scoping Review of Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Inggris (2026) · doi:10.55606/jupensi.v6i2.7513 · v1.0 |
3.8 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6016 | Screened Out |
The Effectiveness of AI-Based Task-Based Language Teaching for EFL Students’ Academic Writing Skills
Ensiklopedia Jurnal Pendidikan dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Saburai (2026) · doi:10.24967/esp.v6i01.5593 · v1.0 |
4.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6017 | Screened Out |
Uses and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Practice: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Expectations among Teachers
Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar (2026) · doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v10i3.24754 · v1.0 |
1.5 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6018 | Screened Out |
The use of artificial intelligence by students in their educational and academic activities
Digital sociology (2026) · doi:10.26425/2658-347x-2026-9-1-4-15 · v1.0 |
2.4 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6019 | Screened Out |
Negotiating AI in academic writing: Student voices on autonomy, ethics, and process-based learning
Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology (2026) · doi:10.55214/2576-8484.v10i7.13300 · v1.0 |
2.9 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6020 | scored |
From PhD by publication to book: an autoethnographic reflection of an early-career geographer
Journal of Geography in Higher Education (2026) · doi:10.1080/03098265.2026.2704669 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6021 | Not Article |
Time-Window Normalized Dataset for Video Game Cheat Detection using Neural Networks
Mendeley Data (2026) · doi:10.17632/bx3y8ktrsf · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 6022 | Screened Out |
Application and Governance of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Teaching
Journal of Contemporary Educational Research (2026) · doi:10.26689/jcer.v10i6.15451 · v1.0 |
1.5 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6023 | scored |
Brain Activity Related to Cheating Identification: A Step Towards the Study of Corruption
Research Square (2026) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8079058/v1 · v1.0 |
0.0 (Flash Lite) | — |
| 6024 | Not Article |
Admission Test - Cursor Trajectory Dataset
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.48548/pubdata-3980 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 6025 | Screened Out |
Reassessing the 50/50 Assessment Policy at the Central University of Technology, South Africa: Implications for academic standards and quality assurance
E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences (2026) · doi:10.38159/ehass.2026768 · v1.0 |
3.9 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6026 | Screened Out |
Development and Validation of a Teachers’ Generative AI Acceptance Scale within the UTAUT Framework: The Case of ChatGPT
Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning (2026) · doi:10.51535/tell.1860597 · v1.0 |
2.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6027 | No Fulltext |
™ChatGPT for automated writing evaluation: Scoring and feedback across prompt conditions
Language Testing (2026) · doi:10.1177/02655322261425759 · v1.0 |
5.9 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 6028 | scored |
AMMHAS: An Adaptive Multimodal Framework for Mental Health Assessment with LLM-Based Interpretability
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1109/icdsaai69492.2026.11505161 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6029 | No Fulltext |
AI Agent-Based Automated Essay Marking Framework Using Large Language Models
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1109/scse70081.2026.11499850 · v1.0 |
6.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6030 | scored |
Validating an AI Ethics Awareness Instrument for K-12 Learners: Evidence from Mixed Methods Pilot Study
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1109/scse70081.2026.11499921 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6031 | No Fulltext |
The Role of Prompt Engineering in AI Essay Scoring: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT's Scoring Stability Across Varying Prompt Designs
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1109/scse70081.2026.11499771 · v1.0 |
6.1 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6032 | Screened Out |
A Survey on Agentic AI-Powered Adaptive Learning Platforms
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1109/aiei69164.2026.11497428 · v1.0 |
2.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6033 | scored |
WHEN HIGH SCORES DO NOT MEAN ETHICAL UNDERSTANDING: REVISITING AI ETHICS MEASUREMENT AMONG MATRICULATION STUDENTS
International Journal of Modern Education (2026) · doi:10.35631/ijmoe.829056 · v1.0 |
5.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6034 | scored |
How Artificial Intelligence is Remaking Education for the Younger Generation and What It Means to the Future of Learning
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (2026) · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.72165 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6035 | scored |
SURVEY OF TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SCREENING AND DETERMINING THE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION
Computer Systems and Information Technologies (2026) · doi:10.31891/csit-2026-1-17 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6036 | Not Article |
Generative Artificial Intelligence and Language Assessment
The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (2026) · doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal20859 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 6037 | Not Article |
Peer Review Report For: Development, validation and use of artificial-intelligence-related technologies to assess basic motor skills in children: a scoping review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.5256/f1000research.186910.r469885 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 6038 | No Fulltext |
Looks good on paper: LLM-generated exams are face-valid but psychometrically weaker than human assessments
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vaf2y_v1 · v1.0 |
6.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6039 | scored |
AI-Assisted optimization of coconut-pith–reinforced fly-ash geopolymer composites: Integrating experimental design, machine learning, and Bayesian optimization for sustainable binder development
Next research. (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2026.101663 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6040 | Screened Out |
Unpacking EFL teachers’ perceived opportunities and challenges of multimodal AI-driven language testing
Language Testing in Asia (2026) · doi:10.1186/s40468-026-00445-5 · v1.0 |
3.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6041 | Screened Out |
LAVATour: A Career Digital Twin Platform for AI-Driven Trajectory Simulation and Consultation
International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (2026) · doi:10.1109/iceit68991.2026.11521365 · v1.0 |
2.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6042 | No Fulltext |
AI-Enabled Vocabulary Learning with Adaptive Scheduling and Chatbot Practice: toward Lexical Network Aware Modeling
International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security (GAIIS) (2026) · doi:10.1109/gaiis69281.2026.11519091 · v1.0 |
5.7 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6043 | Screened Out |
AI Identity Threat and Creative Teaching Among College Teachers: A Job Demands-Resources Mechanism With the Moderating Roles of AI Literacy and Organizational Support
SAGE Open (2026) · doi:10.1177/21582440261493838 · v1.0 |
2.1 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6044 | scored |
Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence Health Education Accurately Linking System (AI-HEALS) for the intervention of chronic kidney disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol
BMJ Open (2026) · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120211 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6045 | scored |
Artificial Intelligence and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Predicting Malignant Transformation and Recurrence
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.coms.2026.09.001 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6046 | scored |
P180 Generative AI–Supported applications and digital health tools in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and early real-world experience with the HepB&Me application
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2026-basl.177 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6047 | Not Article |
Corrigendum to: Colloquial engagement theory with AI awareness (CET-AIA): A new creative pedagogical framework for ethical assessment in the age of artificial intelligence Thinking Skills and Creativity Volume: 60 (2026) 102051
Thinking Skills and Creativity (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102384 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 6048 | Screened Out |
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Supporting Clinical Reasoning in Health Professions Education: A Systematic Review
Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (2026) · doi:10.51985/jbumdc2026935 · v1.0 |
2.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6049 | scored |
Estimating mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the machine learning era
European Respiratory Journal (2026) · doi:10.1183/13993003.01466-2026 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 6050 | No Fulltext |
Can ChatGPT Rate Like a Human? A Many-Facet Rasch Analysis of Chinese EFL Argumentative Writing
SAGE Open (2026) · doi:10.1177/21582440261495832 · v1.0 |
6.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |