Systematic Review Flow (PRISMA 2020)
Transparent flow of article identification, LLM screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and inclusion into living synthesis with expert validation.
✓ PRISMA funnel conservation verified (100% stage closure)
Zero data leakage: n_in = n_out + ∑n_excl + n_pending verified across identification, screening, eligibility, and synthesis.
ID: 17594 →
Screen: 16488 →
Eligible: 2465 →
Included: 84
Expert Validation & Taste Loop
Independent of the formal PRISMA selection rules: editorial verdicts by the curator to calibrate quality and active learning.
👍 10
Approved in digest
(14 total in corpus)
👎 29
Rejected with reason
(1 pre / 18 post analysis)
Breakdown of expert rejection reasons:
not_novel: 4
not_for_educators: 3
off_topic: 13
too_narrow: 2
duplicate: 5
other: 1
weak_method: 1
📋 Structured Review Summary (PRISMA 2020: Item 2)
Background: Living systematic review of Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous agents in higher education. Focuses on engineering countermeasures to academic dishonesty and redesign of assessment.
Objectives: Systematic identification, screening, and synthesis of empirical evidence regarding reliability, methodological rigor, and consensus challenges in higher education GenAI integration.
Eligibility Criteria: Scholarly works with open-access full text; topic relevance R ≥ 4.0; weighted final score ≥ 5.0.
Information Sources: Multi-register tracking: arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, plus forward/backward citation loops (depth 1–2).
Risk of Bias & Quality: Multi-criteria methodological rigor (M, 0–10). Screening reliability validated via dual evaluation: Gwet's AC1, stratified recall, and ROC AUC.
Synthesis & Included: Included n = 84 verified works into the living review with extracted claims, limitations, and empirical findings.
🎯 PICO / PECO Search & Eligibility Framework (PRISMA 2020: Items 4–5)
| Component | Protocol Definition | Inclusion / Exclusion Boundaries |
|---|---|---|
| P (Population) | Higher education: universities, colleges, undergraduate/graduate students, instructors, and examiners. | Included: higher/tertiary education. Excluded: purely K-12 primary education without transferability. |
| I / E (Intervention / Exposure) | Use of modern LLMs (GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, Llama) and agentic frameworks for exam solving, tutoring, or automated grading. | Included: empirical testing and deployment of LLMs. Excluded: legacy non-generative ML or symbolic AI. |
| C (Comparator) | Traditional non-AI assessments, human baselines, or comparative evaluation of engineering defenses (guardrails, multi-agent validation). | Included: baselines, cohort comparisons, or countermeasures. Excluded: purely speculative essays without comparator. |
| O (Outcomes) | Task performance, exam breach rates, countermeasure resilience, shift in assessment rubrics, cognitive learning outcomes. | Included: empirical accuracy, resilience, rubric difficulty, psychometrics. Excluded: unverified claims. |
| S (Study Design) | Empirical studies: controlled experiments (RCT), quasi-experiments, case studies, psychometric evaluations, benchmark audits. | Included: peer-reviewed/preprint research with empirical data. Excluded: opinion blogs, press releases. |
* Footnote *: Prefilter Mathematical Model, Indicators & Scoring Formula (Rubric v2.3)
Rubric Indicators & Parameters
| Symbol | Indicator Name | Weight / Value |
|---|---|---|
| M | Methodological Rigor | wM = 0.32 |
| E | Engineering Countermeasures | wE = 0.25 |
| C | Consensus Challenge | wC = 0.43 |
| N | Novelty | wN = 0.00 |
| R | Topic Relevance (0–10) | Rmin = 4.0, Rfull = 7.0 |
| Gate | Binary Scope Gate | PASS / FAIL |
| Поріг | Pass Threshold | Score ≥ 5.0 |
Relevance R is a multiplier, not a summand: papers with R < R_min receive 0, and high-quality off-topic papers cannot outrank topical ones.
Scoring Formulae (MathML Core)
1. Final Prefilter Score:
2. Weighted Quality Score (Q):
3. Logical Prefilter Screening Criterion:
Methods & reporting (PRISMA 2020 items 1–15, 23–27)
Review type, objective, eligibility (1, 3–5)
Living systematic review: a daily-updated, automation-assisted selection. It is a literature-selection tool, not a published review with meta-analysis.
Topic (given to the model): Validity of educational assessment under generative AI and how to keep it (AI-resistant / AI-resilient assessment). Core: how generative AI changes what grades and test scores mean (validity arguments in the sense of Kane and Messick), assessment redesign, and quantitative methods that detect or model the distortion in assessment and learning data: item response theory, differential item functioning between humans and LLMs, item parameter drift, rater drift, item compromise and preknowledge, score shifts under unsupervised or online conditions (proctored vs unproctored exams, cheating, grade inflation), change-point and concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters, computerized adaptive testing and automated test assembly. Computational, statistical and engineering work is preferred, but a solid conceptual or empirical education study of assessment under generative AI belongs here too. Detectors of AI-generated text and watermarking are only adjacent to the topic. The audience is university educators and researchers: work about primary and secondary school (K-12) is off topic unless its findings or methods clearly transfer to higher education.
- Include: a scholarly article with topic relevance R ≥ 4.0, final score ≥ 5.0; a legal open-access full text that was actually read.
- Exclude: non-articles (datasets, code, errata), duplicates and preprints of published works, retracted works, K-12 with no transfer to higher education, works without full text (paywall, fetch errors), expert-rejected works (👎, reason recorded).
- Manual additions (origin = manual) bypass score screening but go through eligibility assessment.
Information sources & last searched (6)
| Channel | Records | Last record |
|---|---|---|
search — arXiv, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC | 15693 | 2026-11-07 22:22 |
ref — reference lists of read works | 1874 | 2026-11-07 22:24 |
manual — added manually | 27 | 2026-10-07 12:05 |
Citation candidates take metadata from OpenAlex; Crossref/Unpaywall supply DOIs, versions and open PDFs.
Search strategy (7)
Current search version: v1.0. A work matches if its title/abstract hits a term from EVERY group of at least one query (OR within a group; case-insensitive, word boundaries).
Queries (groups):
education × ai; psychometrics × ai; integrity × education; drift × education; drift × psychometrics
education: education, educational, student, learner, teacher, lecturer, classroom, university, higher education, school, curriculum, assessment, exam, examination, examinee, test taker, test score, grading, homework, coursework, online course, essay, academic integrity, academic misconduct, plagiarism, cheating, e-learning, MOOC
ai: generative AI, GenAI, large language model, LLM, ChatGPT, GPT-4, chatbot, AI-generated, AI-assisted, AI-resistant, AI-resilient, AI tool, artificial intelligence
integrity: proctoring, proctored, unproctored, non-proctored, remote proctoring, online exam, online test, online testing, exam integrity, testing integrity, academic integrity, academic dishonesty, cheating, contract cheating, grade inflation
psychometrics: item response theory, IRT, Rasch, psychometric, educational measurement, educational testing, differential item functioning, computerized adaptive testing, adaptive testing, automated test assembly, knowledge tracing, automated scoring, automated essay scoring, validity argument, construct validity, assessment validity, predictive validity
drift: parameter drift, dynamic item response, item parameter drift, rater drift, severity drift, concept drift, change point, change-point detection, item compromise, preknowledge, item exposure, test security, aberrant response, person-fit, differential item functioning
Semantic Scholar phrases: assessment validity generative AI; AI-resilient assessment higher education; AI-resistant assessment design; generative AI exam performance natural experiment; differential item functioning large language models humans; LLM as test taker item response theory; proctored versus unproctored online exam scores; generative AI grade inflation; item parameter drift detection; item compromise preknowledge detection; concept drift knowledge tracing; change point detection educational testing
arXiv: cs.CY, cs.CL, cs.HC, cs.AI, cs.LG, stat.AP, stat.ME. Result caps per query: OpenAlex 50, Semantic Scholar 25, ERIC 25. Citation searching: depth 1 from read and 👍 works, depth 2 from 👍 only; neighbours of 👍 works bypass the lexical filter.
| Search version | Records (search) | First | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
v1.0 | 15693 | 2026-10-06 | 2026-11-07 |
Selection process & automation (8, 9, 11)
- Abstract screening: a single automated reviewer — an LLM (gemini-3.1-flash-lite, gemini-3.5-flash-lite), batches of 20, models alternate; every evaluation is stored (prefilter_evaluations) with model and rubric version.
- Full-text analysis and data collection: gemini-3.8-flash, gemini-3.7-flash, gemini-3.6-flash, prompt
v2.1. Only after PDF→Markdown conversion; the model is never called without full text. - Verification: code checks every quote against the text (exact match after normalisation); unconfirmed claims are discarded.
- Human: no independent second reviewer. The owner gives 👍/👎 verdicts on a sample (50% near threshold, 30% top, 20% random); they steer the queue and few-shot examples but do not change the score.
- Data items (10): summary, method/data/sample, claims, limitations, study design (assessment_design, psychometric_modeling, natural_experiment, detector_evaluation, survey, rct, quasi_experiment, qualitative, theoretical, review, other), tags, rubric criteria.
- Risk of bias (11): not assessed formally (RoB, GRADE not applied); criterion M (methodological rigor, 0–10) is a ranking score, not a RoB tool. No effect measures or meta-analysis (12, 13d–f, 15): synthesis is qualitative, via article analyses and tags.
| Screening model | Scored |
|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | 8169 |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 7760 |
— | 625 |
| Analysis model | prompt | Analyses |
|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | v2.1 | 275 |
gemini-3.6-flash | v2.1 | 184 |
gemini-3.8-flash | v2.1 | 108 |
gemini-3.7-flash | v2.1 | 102 |
Scoring rubric v2.3 (0–10 anchors)
The model scores 0–10 per criterion; the anchors below are embedded in the prompt. Formula and weights are in the footnote above. Changing anchors or weights without a new version is blocked by a hash check.
| Criterion | Weight | 2 | 5 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic relevance (R) | × min(1, R/7.0) | No link to education or assessment: image, audio or model watermarking, model IP protection, general NLP benchmarks, AI in industry. | Adjacent: generative AI in education without an assessment focus; academic integrity with no evidence on assessment outcomes; detectors of AI-generated text or of student AI use; general psychometrics (adaptive testing, test assembly, IRT) with no drift, validity or AI angle. | Core: validity of assessment under generative AI (what grades and scores mean when AI is available); how grades shift under unsupervised conditions or cheating (proctored vs unproctored exams, grade inflation); AI-resistant or AI-resilient assessment design; quantitative methods that detect or model distorted assessment or learning data (DIF between humans and LLMs, item parameter or rater drift, item compromise/preknowledge, change-point or concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters). |
| Methodological rigor (M) | 0.32 | Vague evaluation, convenience sample of a few dozen, self-report only, no control group or baseline. | Clear dataset or sample (hundreds), standard metrics or validated instruments, comparison with baselines or a control group. | Randomized/controlled or preregistered, large or multi-site/multilingual data, adversarial or robustness checks, effect sizes with uncertainty. |
| Engineering countermeasures (E) | 0.25 | No method or countermeasure: describes impact, attitudes or policy only. | A concrete method or countermeasure with an evaluation: statistical test or model, detector, scoring procedure, or an assessment design tried on real cohorts. | A rigorous, reusable method: formal model with guarantees or error control, open code, validated on both real and simulated data. |
| Consensus challenge (C) | 0.43 | Reconfirms standard wisdom. | Nuances the consensus (e.g. detectors fail under mild paraphrasing; AI use does not harm an outcome it is assumed to harm). | Directly refutes high-profile claims with rigorous evidence. |
| Novelty (N) | 0.00 | Replicates well-known findings (another survey of student attitudes to ChatGPT, another test of one detector on a handful of prompts). | New dataset, benchmark, population or setting, or a previously untried technique. | Fundamentally new attack or defence, a theoretical/impossibility result, or a finding that changes how the field frames the problem. |
The model interpolates between anchors. The deep-analysis score is computed by code with the same formula from criteria_breakdown.
| Rubric version | Papers scored |
|---|---|
v2.0 | 261 |
v2.1 | 183 |
v2.2 | 20 |
v2.3 (current) | 16090 |
Screening Validation: Reliability & Agreement Metrics
Reference standard: expert verdicts. Full PRISMA systematic review metrics computed: recall, specificity, NPV, F₁, F₂, ROC AUC, DOR, paradox-immune Gwet's AC₁, and continuous score agreement.
| Measure | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Seed-set recall | 50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | Share of manually added 👍 works (bypassing screening) scoring ≥ threshold 5.0. Unbiased sensitivity estimate on this set. |
| Estimated corpus recall | 100% (100–100%) | Post-stratified by score band from judged works; conservative interval. Relevant works missed ≈ 0 (0–0). Not measured (too few verdicts in band): 14050 screened-out works. |
| Sensitivity / Recall | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% | Share of relevant works passed by screening: TP / (TP + FN). |
| Specificity | 20% (4/20), 95% CI 8–42% | Share of irrelevant works rejected by screening: TN / (TN + FP). |
| Precision / PPV | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% | Share of expert-approved among screening passes: TP / (TP + FP). |
| Negative Predictive Value (NPV) | 100% (4/4), 95% CI 51–100% | Share of truly irrelevant among screened-out works: TN / (TN + FN). Protects against losing relevant papers. |
| F-scores (F₁ and F₂) | F₁: 0.60 · F₂: 0.79 | F₂ weights recall twice as much as precision — critical safety metric against false exclusions in PRISMA. |
| Balanced Accuracy | 60.0% | Arithmetic mean of sensitivity and specificity, unaffected by class imbalance. |
| Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) | 6.82 | DOR = (TP · TN) / (FP · FN) with Haldane-Anscombe correction. Overall discriminative capability of screening. |
| ROC AUC | 0.65 (95% CI 0.43–0.84) | Probability a 👍 work outscores a 👎 one (0.5 = chance). CI computed via DeLong / Bootstrap. |
| Inter-Rater Agreement (Gwet's AC₁ & Cohen's κ) | — | Gwet's AC₁ is paradox-immune inter-rater agreement on double-scored works, robust to severe class imbalance (80-90% screening rejection). |
| Continuous Score Agreement |
MAD: — r Пірсона: — |
Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) and Pearson r between scores of screening models on shared papers. |
| Score band | Works | Judged | 👍 | 👍 rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0–2.0 | 9081 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 2.0–4.0 | 3793 | 0 (too few) | 0 | — |
| 4.0–5.0 | 1176 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 5.0–6.0 ✓ | 1349 | 3 | 2 | 67% |
| 6.0–8.0 ✓ | 1061 | 23 | 8 | 35% |
| 8.0–10.0 ✓ | 31 | 2 (too few) | 2 | 100% |
| Screening model | Seed recall | AUC | Sens / Spec | Prec / NPV | F₁ / AC₁ | 👍 / 👎 (TP/FP/FN/TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite |
50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | 0.63 | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% / 16% (3/19), 95% CI 6–38% | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% / 100% (3/3), 95% CI 44–100% | 0.60 / 0.05 | 12 / 19 (12/16/0/3) |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite |
— | — | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 1.00 | 0 / 1 (0/0/0/1) |
— |
— | — | — / — | — / — | — / — | 0 / 0 (0/0/0/0) |
To narrow intervals, judge works from lower score bands: /admin/taste includes 20% random picks. Metrics update automatically with each verdict.
Methodological Rigor & Study Designs (11, 18)
Methodological rigor M (0–10) is evaluated during full-text analysis. Study design distribution reflects verified empirical classifications.
Mean Rigor (M)
6.54 / 10
Analyzed papers: 659
Quality Stratification
🟢 High rigor (M ≥ 7.0): 327
🟡 Moderate rigor (4.0 ≤ M < 7.0): 313
🔴 Low rigor (M < 4.0): 19
| Study Design | Paper Count |
|---|---|
psychometric_modeling | 254 |
other | 45 |
theoretical | 27 |
rct | 13 |
assessment_design | 177 |
natural_experiment | 5 |
quasi_experiment | 56 |
detector_evaluation | 43 |
survey | 7 |
review | 20 |
experimental | 1 |
qualitative | 11 |
PRISMA 2020 27-Item Compliance Checklist
Full audit of compliance with PRISMA 2020 checklist (Page et al., 2021) for automated systematic reviews.
| № | Section / Item | Checklist Description | Status | Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Title | Identify as living systematic review | ✓ Впроваджено | Page title, report metadata |
| 2 | Abstract | Structured summary (background, objectives, methods, results) | ✓ Впроваджено | #prisma-abstract block above |
| 3 | Rationale | Rationale in context of existing knowledge | ✓ Впроваджено | Topic description and rationale |
| 4 | Objectives | Explicit objectives using PICO / PECO | ✓ Впроваджено | #pico-framework table above |
| 5 | Eligibility criteria | Inclusion/exclusion criteria, language, dates | ✓ Впроваджено | Thresholds R, Score, Open Access |
| 6 | Information sources | Databases, registers, search dates | ✓ Впроваджено | arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, citations |
| 7 | Search strategy | Full search strategy, boolean filters, versions | ✓ Впроваджено | search_version, term groups, API limits |
| 8 | Selection process | Selection process, automation, independent screening | ✓ Впроваджено | LLM screening rotation + editorial taste loop |
| 9 | Data collection | Data collection from full-text reports | ✓ Впроваджено | PDF → MD parser, deep prompt v2.1 |
| 10a-b | Data items | List of outcomes and study characteristics | ✓ Впроваджено | Summary, sample, design, claims, countermeasures |
| 11 | Study risk of bias | Assessment of study methodological quality | ✓ Впроваджено | Rigor criterion M (0–10), quality distribution |
| 12 | Effect measures | Effect measures for outcomes | — Обґрунтовано N/A | Qualitative synthesis without meta-analytic pooled effects |
| 13a-f | Synthesis methods | Synthesis criteria and grouping methods | ✓ Впроваджено | Tag-based clustering, comparative study cards |
| 14 | Reporting bias | Assessment of reporting/publication bias | ✓ Впроваджено | Analysis of paywall exclusions & open access skew |
| 15 | Certainty assessment | Certainty assessment of body of evidence | ✓ Впроваджено | Automated quote grounding against full-text Markdown |
| 16 | Study selection | Selection results (flow diagram, counts) | ✓ Впроваджено | 100% stage conservation closure verified |
| 17 | Study characteristics | Characteristics of included studies table | ✓ Впроваджено | Interactive table with DOI, venue, year, tags |
| 18 | Risk of bias in studies | Risk of bias findings across studies | ✓ Впроваджено | Methodological rigor M & study designs table |
| 19 | Results of individual studies | Results for each individual study | ✓ Впроваджено | Public paper pages /doi/{doi} with full analysis |
| 20a-d | Results of syntheses | Results of syntheses & sub-groups | ✓ Впроваджено | Daily living editions, RSS feed, tag filters |
| 21 | Reporting biases | Results of reporting biases assessment | ✓ Впроваджено | Paywall n=347, retracted n=0 |
| 22 | Certainty of evidence | Summary of evidence certainty | ✓ Впроваджено | Gwet's AC₁, Cohen's κ, stratified recall, ROC AUC |
| 23a-d | Discussion | Discussion, limitations, implications | ✓ Впроваджено | Limitations section (23b, 23c) in methods |
| 24a-c | Registration & protocol | Registration, protocol availability, amendments | ✓ Впроваджено | Public repo, version history of search & rubric |
| 25 | Support | Financial & non-financial support | ✓ Впроваджено | Free API tiers declared in methods |
| 26 | Competing interests | Competing interests statement | ✓ Впроваджено | Declared in methods section |
| 27 | Data & code availability | Availability of data, analytical code, materials | ✓ Впроваджено | Export to CSV / JSON buttons, open-source code |
Limitations (23b, 23c)
- Open access only: paywalled papers never reach the synthesis, so the sample skews to open and preprint work.
- Screening ranks by quality and novelty rather than pure eligibility, so the sample skews towards counter-consensus work. Validity is measured against one expert (see above); a single LLM reviewer, model bias and version differences remain possible.
- The lexical filter and result caps can miss works with other terminology; sources skew English-language.
- Records scored under an older rubric version are not rescored automatically (see version table).
- Free Gemini quota: daily limits slow analysis; some selected works wait in the queue.
Registration, protocol, amendments, support, data (24–27)
- Registration: not registered. The protocol is the configuration (topic, queries, rubric, thresholds) in the project repository; it is reproduced in this block.
- Amendments: search versions (search_version) and rubric versions (rubric_version), tables above.
- Funding: none declared, free API tiers are used. Competing interests: none declared.
- Data: analyses and metadata are on article pages, RSS and sitemap; full texts are private (copyright) and not published.
Filter by Tags
Select one or more tags to refine the flow numbers and article corpus.
#psychometrics (106)
#Psychometrics (62)
#Item Response Theory (51)
#academic integrity (49)
#Assessment Validity (41)
#assessment validity (40)
#item response theory (39)
#higher education (37)
#Automated Essay Scoring (34)
#automated essay scoring (32)
#Generative AI (29)
#Construct Validity (26)
#construct validity (26)
#IRT (24)
#LLM as rater (22)
#Large Language Models (20)
#generative AI (20)
#Academic Integrity (19)
#Higher Education (19)
#assessment redesign (18)
#Automated Scoring (17)
#LLM Evaluation (17)
#large language models (17)
#prompt engineering (17)
#assessment_design (16)
#GPT-4 (15)
#automated scoring (15)
#AI-resilient assessment (14)
#LLM as Rater (14)
#validity (14)
#Assessment Redesign (13)
#ChatGPT (13)
#assessment design (13)
#automated assessment (13)
#differential item functioning (13)
#Prompt Engineering (12)
#academic_integrity (12)
#Automated Item Generation (11)
#LLMs as raters (11)
#assessment-validity (11)
#assessment_validity (11)
#benchmarking (11)
#inter-rater reliability (11)
#LLM-as-a-judge (10)
#LLMs as Test Takers (10)
#item_response_theory (10)
#Computerized Adaptive Testing (9)
#DIF (9)
#Inter-Rater Reliability (9)
#Knowledge Tracing (9)
#LLM evaluation (9)
#Medical Education (9)
#automated_essay_scoring (9)
#concept drift (9)
#formative assessment (9)
#rater drift (9)
#AI-resistant assessment (8)
#Assessment Design (8)
#Computer Science Education (8)
#Differential Item Functioning (8)
| # | Status / Stage | Paper | LLM Score | Expert Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7251 | scored |
Differential item functioning for the Tendency of Avoiding Physical Activity and Sport Scale across two subculture samples: Taiwanese and mainland Chinese university students
Heliyon (2023) · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22583 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7252 | scored |
Guest editorial: Recent advances on reliability modelling and quality management
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management (2024) · doi:10.1108/ijqrm-10-2024-457 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7253 | Screened Out |
A Self-Tuning ensemble approach for drift detection
arXiv/Crossref (2024) · doi:10.5753/eniac.2024.245158 · v1.0 |
2.6 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7254 | Screened Out |
Multi-Criteria Analysis of Concept Drift Detection Algorithms: A Decision-Making Approach
IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS) (2024) · doi:10.1109/icetas62372.2024.11119834 · v1.0 |
4.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7255 | scored |
Impacts of economic sanctions on population health and health system: a study at national and sub-national levels from 2000 to 2020 in Iran
Globalization and Health (2024) · doi:10.1186/s12992-024-01084-2 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7256 | scored |
ML methods for assessing the risk of fraud in auto insurance
Izvestiya of Saratov University Mathematics Mechanics Informatics (2024) · doi:10.18500/1816-9791-2024-24-4-619-628 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7257 | scored |
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Water Temperature of Arctic Rivers in Russia over the Past 60 Years
Applied Sciences (2024) · doi:10.3390/app142310942 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7258 | scored |
Change point detection on time series satellite data for assessment of cyclonic impact on coastal mangroves
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (2024) · doi:10.1117/1.jrs.18.042608 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7259 | scored |
A Methodology for Generating Subquestions for the Force Concept Inventory (and Other Research-Based Assessments)
International Journal of Physics & Chemistry Education (2024) · doi:10.51724/ijpce.v16i2.351 · v1.0 |
5.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7260 | Screened Out |
A practical approach to finding an optimal multistage test design
Routledge eBooks (2024) · doi:10.4324/9780429263491-7 · v1.0 |
2.6 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7261 | Screened Out |
Test security considerations for CAT and MST
Routledge eBooks (2024) · doi:10.4324/9780429263491-23 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7262 | scored |
Optimizing Brief Coping Skills Interventions for Suicide Prevention: Leveraging Technology and Novel Statistical Models for Precision Mental Health
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive Repository (2024) · doi:10.15154/4jq8-3p69 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7263 | Screened Out |
Generative AI and Academic Integrity in Higher Education
British Journal of Arts and Humanities (2026) · doi:10.34104/bjah.02607820789 · v1.0 |
2.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7264 | Screened Out |
OPPORTUNITIES AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21579026 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7265 | Screened Out |
Understanding academic integrity challenges among non-native english-speaking students in higher education: a teacher-informed reflective analysis
International Journal for Educational Integrity (2026) · doi:10.1007/s40979-026-00228-8 · v1.0 |
2.1 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7266 | Screened Out |
CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ TRONG HỌC TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC CỦA SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TRƯNG VƯƠNG: THỰC TRẠNG VÀ HÀM Ý CHÍNH SÁCH
Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Trưng Vương (2026) · doi:10.64223/tvj.e2026.v2.i7.a104 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7267 | Screened Out |
The Positive Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Students’ Independent Learning
ALFIHRIS Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan (2026) · doi:10.59246/51wksh70 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7268 | scored |
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PLAGIARISME
Pendas Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar (2026) · doi:10.23969/jp.v11i03.61929 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7269 | Screened Out |
AI Literacy, Wise Use of AI, and Academic Integrity Among College Students in Indonesia and Thailand: A Cross-National Comparative Study
International Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences (2026) · doi:10.59890/ijeps.v4i4.23 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7270 | Screened Out |
Perception of Education Study Program Students Regarding the Use of AI as an Assistive Tool in Creating Coursework
IJORER International Journal of Recent Educational Research (2026) · doi:10.46245/ijorer.v7i4.1451 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7271 | Screened Out |
Four Years of GenAI: How Educators and Industry Adapted Their Assessment Strategies
arXiv (Cornell University) (2026) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.24246 · v1.0 |
4.2 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7272 | scored |
Dataset and AI in Detecting Player Cheats in FPS Games
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (2026) · doi:10.1051/itmconf/20268801008/pdf · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7273 | Screened Out |
A Critical Analysis of Generative AI in Higher Education: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Directions
Exploring Science Academic Conference Series (2026) · doi:10.70267/icsscs.2026290110 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7274 | Screened Out |
**"Responsible Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Education: A Comprehensive Review of Opportunities, Challenges, and Domain-Specific Applications in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering"** ---
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21616857 · v1.0 |
3.7 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7275 | scored |
Indonesian Language Teachers' Perceptions of ChatGPT Use in Writing Instruction in the Digital Literacy Era
Asian Journal of Applied Education (AJAE) (2026) · doi:10.55927/ajae.v5i3.16815 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7276 | Not Article |
Generative AI Chatbots in ESLEFL Education. A Systematic Review of Educational
Sinergia Académica (2026) · doi:10.51736/sa1166 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 7277 | Screened Out |
A Comparative Investigation of Text Similarity Techniques for Human-Written and AI-Generated Scientific
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21625986 · v1.0 |
4.1 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7278 | scored |
Whistleblowing and retractions concerning Iran-affiliated medical research: motives and editorial perspectives
BMC Medical Ethics (2026) · doi:10.1186/s12910-026-01560-x · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7279 | Screened Out |
Integrating technology into academic writing instruction: Lecturers’ practices and perspectives
Literator (2026) · doi:10.4102/lit.v47i1.2274 · v1.0 |
3.8 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7280 | Screened Out |
THE EFFECT OF AI-POWERED WRITING ASSISTANTS ON ESSAY WRITING PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS OF LAGOS STATE COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, YABA, LAGOS STATE
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21629041 · v1.0 |
4.6 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7281 | Not Article |
Retraction Note: Academic integrity under scrutiny: a cross-country investigation into examination malpractice and plagiaristic behavior among pre-tertiary students in Ghana and Botswana
International Journal for Educational Integrity (2026) · doi:10.1007/s40979-026-00230-0 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 7282 | Screened Out |
COGNITIVE-MOTIVATIONAL MECHANISMS OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: MORAL DISENGAGEMENT AND NEUTRALIZATION AS MEDIATORS BETWEEN PERSONALITY DISPOSITIONS AND LYING BEHAVIOR
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21623372 · v1.0 |
3.6 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7283 | Screened Out |
“Authorship of One’s Life”: A Narrative-Oriented, AI-Assisted Intervention for Self-Realization in Crisis-Affected Ukrainian Adults Aged 35–55
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION RESEARCH STUDIES (2026) · doi:10.55677/ijssers/v06i04y2026-05 · v1.0 |
3.8 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7284 | In Buffer |
Diagnosing Planning Quality in LLM-Based Penetration Testing Using Execution-Free Evaluation
Journal of Smart Algorithms and Applications (JSAA) (2026) · doi:10.66279/enzxq198 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.8-flash) | — |
| 7285 | Screened Out |
Development, validation and use of artificial-intelligence-related technologies to assess basic motor skills in children: a scoping review
F1000Research (2026) · doi:10.12688/f1000research.138616.3 · v1.0 |
4.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7286 | scored |
Data for: An LLM-Native Psychometric Instrument Reveals a Self-Report–Behavior Gap Across 25 Models
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/5xjs7 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7287 | No Fulltext |
Explainable artificial intelligence in cognitive learning psychology: A psychometric meta-analysis
Acta Psychologica (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106899 · v1.0 |
6.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7288 | Screened Out |
РОЛЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ МОТИВАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ К ЦЕЛЯМ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19721567 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7289 | Screened Out |
Personality, identity, and Artificial Intelligence: a grand challenge
Frontiers in Psychology (2026) · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1817687 · v1.0 |
1.4 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7290 | No Fulltext |
Enhanced deep knowledge tracing via synthetic embeddings
International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics (2026) · doi:10.1007/s13042-026-03104-6 · v1.0 |
6.4 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7291 | Screened Out |
Assessing the Psychological Impact of AI on Computer and Data Science Education: An Exploratory Study
Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society (2026) · doi:10.5753/jbcs.2026.6085 · v1.0 |
2.2 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7292 | scored |
Understanding and Modeling Math Strategy Use in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK) (2026) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785096 · v1.0 |
5.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7293 | scored |
The Blind Spots in Automated Feedback Generation for Academic Writing
International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK) (2026) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785120 · v1.0 |
5.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 7294 | No Fulltext |
When Cognitive Offloading Masks Authentic Ability: Using GenAI-Driven Metacognitive Feedback to Support Valid Game-Based Assessment
International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK) (2026) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785062 · v1.0 |
6.9 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7295 | Not Article |
Peer Review Report For: Desarrollo, validación y uso de tecnologías relacionadas con la inteligencia artificial para evaluar las habilidades motoras básicas en niños: una revisión exploratoria [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.5256/f1000research.198263.r478798 · v1.0 |
- | — |
| 7296 | Screened Out |
Testing the capability and performance of Claude Sonnet 4 on the GRE physics test
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19749828 · v1.0 |
4.2 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7297 | scored |
The Effects of AI Feedback on College Students’ Reading and Writing Performance in an Intelligent Text Framework
International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK) (2026) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785082 · v1.0 |
5.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7298 | scored |
Traducción, adaptación y validación de la Escala AIAS-4 de actitudes hacia la Inteligencia Artificial en las Ciencias del Deporte
Retos (2026) · doi:10.47197/retos.v79.117745 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7299 | scored |
Artificial intelligence readiness in management education: Scale development and validation
The International Journal of Management Education (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2026.101429 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 7300 | In Buffer |
MedSimAI: Simulation and Formative Feedback Generation to Enhance Deliberate Practice in Medical Education
International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK) (2026) · doi:10.1145/3785022.3785092 · v1.0 |
3.6 (gemini-3.7-flash) | — |