Systematic Review Flow (PRISMA 2020)
Transparent flow of article identification, LLM screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and inclusion into living synthesis with expert validation.
✓ PRISMA funnel conservation verified (100% stage closure)
Zero data leakage: n_in = n_out + ∑n_excl + n_pending verified across identification, screening, eligibility, and synthesis.
ID: 20016 →
Screen: 18854 →
Eligible: 2754 →
Included: 102
Expert Validation & Taste Loop
Independent of the formal PRISMA selection rules: editorial verdicts by the curator to calibrate quality and active learning.
👍 10
Approved in digest
(14 total in corpus)
👎 29
Rejected with reason
(1 pre / 18 post analysis)
Breakdown of expert rejection reasons:
not_novel: 4
not_for_educators: 3
off_topic: 13
too_narrow: 2
duplicate: 5
other: 1
weak_method: 1
📋 Structured Review Summary (PRISMA 2020: Item 2)
Background: Living systematic review of Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous agents in higher education. Focuses on engineering countermeasures to academic dishonesty and redesign of assessment.
Objectives: Systematic identification, screening, and synthesis of empirical evidence regarding reliability, methodological rigor, and consensus challenges in higher education GenAI integration.
Eligibility Criteria: Scholarly works with open-access full text; topic relevance R ≥ 4.0; weighted final score ≥ 5.0.
Information Sources: Multi-register tracking: arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, plus forward/backward citation loops (depth 1–2).
Risk of Bias & Quality: Multi-criteria methodological rigor (M, 0–10). Screening reliability validated via dual evaluation: Gwet's AC1, stratified recall, and ROC AUC.
Synthesis & Included: Included n = 102 verified works into the living review with extracted claims, limitations, and empirical findings.
🎯 PICO / PECO Search & Eligibility Framework (PRISMA 2020: Items 4–5)
| Component | Protocol Definition | Inclusion / Exclusion Boundaries |
|---|---|---|
| P (Population) | Higher education: universities, colleges, undergraduate/graduate students, instructors, and examiners. | Included: higher/tertiary education. Excluded: purely K-12 primary education without transferability. |
| I / E (Intervention / Exposure) | Use of modern LLMs (GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, Llama) and agentic frameworks for exam solving, tutoring, or automated grading. | Included: empirical testing and deployment of LLMs. Excluded: legacy non-generative ML or symbolic AI. |
| C (Comparator) | Traditional non-AI assessments, human baselines, or comparative evaluation of engineering defenses (guardrails, multi-agent validation). | Included: baselines, cohort comparisons, or countermeasures. Excluded: purely speculative essays without comparator. |
| O (Outcomes) | Task performance, exam breach rates, countermeasure resilience, shift in assessment rubrics, cognitive learning outcomes. | Included: empirical accuracy, resilience, rubric difficulty, psychometrics. Excluded: unverified claims. |
| S (Study Design) | Empirical studies: controlled experiments (RCT), quasi-experiments, case studies, psychometric evaluations, benchmark audits. | Included: peer-reviewed/preprint research with empirical data. Excluded: opinion blogs, press releases. |
* Footnote *: Prefilter Mathematical Model, Indicators & Scoring Formula (Rubric v2.3)
Rubric Indicators & Parameters
| Symbol | Indicator Name | Weight / Value |
|---|---|---|
| M | Methodological Rigor | wM = 0.32 |
| E | Engineering Countermeasures | wE = 0.25 |
| C | Consensus Challenge | wC = 0.43 |
| N | Novelty | wN = 0.00 |
| R | Topic Relevance (0–10) | Rmin = 4.0, Rfull = 7.0 |
| Gate | Binary Scope Gate | PASS / FAIL |
| Поріг | Pass Threshold | Score ≥ 5.0 |
Relevance R is a multiplier, not a summand: papers with R < R_min receive 0, and high-quality off-topic papers cannot outrank topical ones.
Scoring Formulae (MathML Core)
1. Final Prefilter Score:
2. Weighted Quality Score (Q):
3. Logical Prefilter Screening Criterion:
Methods & reporting (PRISMA 2020 items 1–15, 23–27)
Review type, objective, eligibility (1, 3–5)
Living systematic review: a daily-updated, automation-assisted selection. It is a literature-selection tool, not a published review with meta-analysis.
Topic (given to the model): Validity of educational assessment under generative AI and how to keep it (AI-resistant / AI-resilient assessment). Core: how generative AI changes what grades and test scores mean (validity arguments in the sense of Kane and Messick), assessment redesign, and quantitative methods that detect or model the distortion in assessment and learning data: item response theory, differential item functioning between humans and LLMs, item parameter drift, rater drift, item compromise and preknowledge, score shifts under unsupervised or online conditions (proctored vs unproctored exams, cheating, grade inflation), change-point and concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters, computerized adaptive testing and automated test assembly. Computational, statistical and engineering work is preferred, but a solid conceptual or empirical education study of assessment under generative AI belongs here too. Detectors of AI-generated text and watermarking are only adjacent to the topic. The audience is university educators and researchers: work about primary and secondary school (K-12) is off topic unless its findings or methods clearly transfer to higher education.
- Include: a scholarly article with topic relevance R ≥ 4.0, final score ≥ 5.0; a legal open-access full text that was actually read.
- Exclude: non-articles (datasets, code, errata), duplicates and preprints of published works, retracted works, K-12 with no transfer to higher education, works without full text (paywall, fetch errors), expert-rejected works (👎, reason recorded).
- Manual additions (origin = manual) bypass score screening but go through eligibility assessment.
Information sources & last searched (6)
| Channel | Records | Last record |
|---|---|---|
search — arXiv, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC | 17917 | 2026-11-13 10:26 |
ref — reference lists of read works | 2072 | 2026-11-13 10:28 |
manual — added manually | 27 | 2026-10-07 12:05 |
Citation candidates take metadata from OpenAlex; Crossref/Unpaywall supply DOIs, versions and open PDFs.
Search strategy (7)
Current search version: v1.0. A work matches if its title/abstract hits a term from EVERY group of at least one query (OR within a group; case-insensitive, word boundaries).
Queries (groups):
education × ai; psychometrics × ai; integrity × education; drift × education; drift × psychometrics
education: education, educational, student, learner, teacher, lecturer, classroom, university, higher education, school, curriculum, assessment, exam, examination, examinee, test taker, test score, grading, homework, coursework, online course, essay, academic integrity, academic misconduct, plagiarism, cheating, e-learning, MOOC
ai: generative AI, GenAI, large language model, LLM, ChatGPT, GPT-4, chatbot, AI-generated, AI-assisted, AI-resistant, AI-resilient, AI tool, artificial intelligence
integrity: proctoring, proctored, unproctored, non-proctored, remote proctoring, online exam, online test, online testing, exam integrity, testing integrity, academic integrity, academic dishonesty, cheating, contract cheating, grade inflation
psychometrics: item response theory, IRT, Rasch, psychometric, educational measurement, educational testing, differential item functioning, computerized adaptive testing, adaptive testing, automated test assembly, knowledge tracing, automated scoring, automated essay scoring, validity argument, construct validity, assessment validity, predictive validity
drift: parameter drift, dynamic item response, item parameter drift, rater drift, severity drift, concept drift, change point, change-point detection, item compromise, preknowledge, item exposure, test security, aberrant response, person-fit, differential item functioning
Semantic Scholar phrases: assessment validity generative AI; AI-resilient assessment higher education; AI-resistant assessment design; generative AI exam performance natural experiment; differential item functioning large language models humans; LLM as test taker item response theory; proctored versus unproctored online exam scores; generative AI grade inflation; item parameter drift detection; item compromise preknowledge detection; concept drift knowledge tracing; change point detection educational testing
arXiv: cs.CY, cs.CL, cs.HC, cs.AI, cs.LG, stat.AP, stat.ME. Result caps per query: OpenAlex 50, Semantic Scholar 25, ERIC 25. Citation searching: depth 1 from read and 👍 works, depth 2 from 👍 only; neighbours of 👍 works bypass the lexical filter.
| Search version | Records (search) | First | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
v1.0 | 17917 | 2026-10-06 | 2026-11-13 |
Selection process & automation (8, 9, 11)
- Abstract screening: a single automated reviewer — an LLM (gemini-3.1-flash-lite, gemini-3.5-flash-lite), batches of 20, models alternate; every evaluation is stored (prefilter_evaluations) with model and rubric version.
- Full-text analysis and data collection: gemini-3.8-flash, gemini-3.7-flash, gemini-3.6-flash, prompt
v2.1. Only after PDF→Markdown conversion; the model is never called without full text. - Verification: code checks every quote against the text (exact match after normalisation); unconfirmed claims are discarded.
- Human: no independent second reviewer. The owner gives 👍/👎 verdicts on a sample (50% near threshold, 30% top, 20% random); they steer the queue and few-shot examples but do not change the score.
- Data items (10): summary, method/data/sample, claims, limitations, study design (assessment_design, psychometric_modeling, natural_experiment, detector_evaluation, survey, rct, quasi_experiment, qualitative, theoretical, review, other), tags, rubric criteria.
- Risk of bias (11): not assessed formally (RoB, GRADE not applied); criterion M (methodological rigor, 0–10) is a ranking score, not a RoB tool. No effect measures or meta-analysis (12, 13d–f, 15): synthesis is qualitative, via article analyses and tags.
| Screening model | Scored |
|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | 9392 |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 8804 |
— | 724 |
| Analysis model | prompt | Analyses |
|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite | v2.1 | 275 |
gemini-3.6-flash | v2.1 | 263 |
gemini-3.8-flash | v2.1 | 116 |
gemini-3.7-flash | v2.1 | 108 |
Scoring rubric v2.3 (0–10 anchors)
The model scores 0–10 per criterion; the anchors below are embedded in the prompt. Formula and weights are in the footnote above. Changing anchors or weights without a new version is blocked by a hash check.
| Criterion | Weight | 2 | 5 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic relevance (R) | × min(1, R/7.0) | No link to education or assessment: image, audio or model watermarking, model IP protection, general NLP benchmarks, AI in industry. | Adjacent: generative AI in education without an assessment focus; academic integrity with no evidence on assessment outcomes; detectors of AI-generated text or of student AI use; general psychometrics (adaptive testing, test assembly, IRT) with no drift, validity or AI angle. | Core: validity of assessment under generative AI (what grades and scores mean when AI is available); how grades shift under unsupervised conditions or cheating (proctored vs unproctored exams, grade inflation); AI-resistant or AI-resilient assessment design; quantitative methods that detect or model distorted assessment or learning data (DIF between humans and LLMs, item parameter or rater drift, item compromise/preknowledge, change-point or concept-drift detection, LLMs as test takers or raters). |
| Methodological rigor (M) | 0.32 | Vague evaluation, convenience sample of a few dozen, self-report only, no control group or baseline. | Clear dataset or sample (hundreds), standard metrics or validated instruments, comparison with baselines or a control group. | Randomized/controlled or preregistered, large or multi-site/multilingual data, adversarial or robustness checks, effect sizes with uncertainty. |
| Engineering countermeasures (E) | 0.25 | No method or countermeasure: describes impact, attitudes or policy only. | A concrete method or countermeasure with an evaluation: statistical test or model, detector, scoring procedure, or an assessment design tried on real cohorts. | A rigorous, reusable method: formal model with guarantees or error control, open code, validated on both real and simulated data. |
| Consensus challenge (C) | 0.43 | Reconfirms standard wisdom. | Nuances the consensus (e.g. detectors fail under mild paraphrasing; AI use does not harm an outcome it is assumed to harm). | Directly refutes high-profile claims with rigorous evidence. |
| Novelty (N) | 0.00 | Replicates well-known findings (another survey of student attitudes to ChatGPT, another test of one detector on a handful of prompts). | New dataset, benchmark, population or setting, or a previously untried technique. | Fundamentally new attack or defence, a theoretical/impossibility result, or a finding that changes how the field frames the problem. |
The model interpolates between anchors. The deep-analysis score is computed by code with the same formula from criteria_breakdown.
| Rubric version | Papers scored |
|---|---|
v2.0 | 261 |
v2.1 | 183 |
v2.2 | 20 |
v2.3 (current) | 18456 |
Screening Validation: Reliability & Agreement Metrics
Reference standard: expert verdicts. Full PRISMA systematic review metrics computed: recall, specificity, NPV, F₁, F₂, ROC AUC, DOR, paradox-immune Gwet's AC₁, and continuous score agreement.
| Measure | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Seed-set recall | 50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | Share of manually added 👍 works (bypassing screening) scoring ≥ threshold 5.0. Unbiased sensitivity estimate on this set. |
| Estimated corpus recall | 100% (100–100%) | Post-stratified by score band from judged works; conservative interval. Relevant works missed ≈ 0 (0–0). Not measured (too few verdicts in band): 16127 screened-out works. |
| Sensitivity / Recall | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% | Share of relevant works passed by screening: TP / (TP + FN). |
| Specificity | 20% (4/20), 95% CI 8–42% | Share of irrelevant works rejected by screening: TN / (TN + FP). |
| Precision / PPV | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% | Share of expert-approved among screening passes: TP / (TP + FP). |
| Negative Predictive Value (NPV) | 100% (4/4), 95% CI 51–100% | Share of truly irrelevant among screened-out works: TN / (TN + FN). Protects against losing relevant papers. |
| F-scores (F₁ and F₂) | F₁: 0.60 · F₂: 0.79 | F₂ weights recall twice as much as precision — critical safety metric against false exclusions in PRISMA. |
| Balanced Accuracy | 60.0% | Arithmetic mean of sensitivity and specificity, unaffected by class imbalance. |
| Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) | 6.82 | DOR = (TP · TN) / (FP · FN) with Haldane-Anscombe correction. Overall discriminative capability of screening. |
| ROC AUC | 0.65 (95% CI 0.43–0.84) | Probability a 👍 work outscores a 👎 one (0.5 = chance). CI computed via DeLong / Bootstrap. |
| Inter-Rater Agreement (Gwet's AC₁ & Cohen's κ) | — | Gwet's AC₁ is paradox-immune inter-rater agreement on double-scored works, robust to severe class imbalance (80-90% screening rejection). |
| Continuous Score Agreement |
MAD: — r Пірсона: — |
Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) and Pearson r between scores of screening models on shared papers. |
| Score band | Works | Judged | 👍 | 👍 rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0–2.0 | 10432 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 2.0–4.0 | 4349 | 0 (too few) | 0 | — |
| 4.0–5.0 | 1346 | 2 (too few) | 0 | 0% |
| 5.0–6.0 ✓ | 1520 | 3 | 2 | 67% |
| 6.0–8.0 ✓ | 1173 | 23 | 8 | 35% |
| 8.0–10.0 ✓ | 37 | 2 (too few) | 2 | 100% |
| Screening model | Seed recall | AUC | Sens / Spec | Prec / NPV | F₁ / AC₁ | 👍 / 👎 (TP/FP/FN/TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gemini-3.1-flash-lite |
50% (1/2), 95% CI 9–91% | 0.63 | 100% (12/12), 95% CI 76–100% / 16% (3/19), 95% CI 6–38% | 43% (12/28), 95% CI 27–61% / 100% (3/3), 95% CI 44–100% | 0.60 / 0.05 | 12 / 19 (12/16/0/3) |
gemini-3.5-flash-lite |
— | — | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 100% (1/1), 95% CI 21–100% | — / 1.00 | 0 / 1 (0/0/0/1) |
— |
— | — | — / — | — / — | — / — | 0 / 0 (0/0/0/0) |
To narrow intervals, judge works from lower score bands: /admin/taste includes 20% random picks. Metrics update automatically with each verdict.
Methodological Rigor & Study Designs (11, 18)
Methodological rigor M (0–10) is evaluated during full-text analysis. Study design distribution reflects verified empirical classifications.
Mean Rigor (M)
6.46 / 10
Analyzed papers: 752
Quality Stratification
🟢 High rigor (M ≥ 7.0): 355
🟡 Moderate rigor (4.0 ≤ M < 7.0): 371
🔴 Low rigor (M < 4.0): 26
| Study Design | Paper Count |
|---|---|
psychometric_modeling | 286 |
other | 54 |
theoretical | 27 |
rct | 17 |
assessment_design | 209 |
natural_experiment | 5 |
quasi_experiment | 61 |
review | 24 |
detector_evaluation | 48 |
survey | 7 |
experimental | 1 |
qualitative | 13 |
PRISMA 2020 27-Item Compliance Checklist
Full audit of compliance with PRISMA 2020 checklist (Page et al., 2021) for automated systematic reviews.
| № | Section / Item | Checklist Description | Status | Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Title | Identify as living systematic review | ✓ Впроваджено | Page title, report metadata |
| 2 | Abstract | Structured summary (background, objectives, methods, results) | ✓ Впроваджено | #prisma-abstract block above |
| 3 | Rationale | Rationale in context of existing knowledge | ✓ Впроваджено | Topic description and rationale |
| 4 | Objectives | Explicit objectives using PICO / PECO | ✓ Впроваджено | #pico-framework table above |
| 5 | Eligibility criteria | Inclusion/exclusion criteria, language, dates | ✓ Впроваджено | Thresholds R, Score, Open Access |
| 6 | Information sources | Databases, registers, search dates | ✓ Впроваджено | arXiv, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, citations |
| 7 | Search strategy | Full search strategy, boolean filters, versions | ✓ Впроваджено | search_version, term groups, API limits |
| 8 | Selection process | Selection process, automation, independent screening | ✓ Впроваджено | LLM screening rotation + editorial taste loop |
| 9 | Data collection | Data collection from full-text reports | ✓ Впроваджено | PDF → MD parser, deep prompt v2.1 |
| 10a-b | Data items | List of outcomes and study characteristics | ✓ Впроваджено | Summary, sample, design, claims, countermeasures |
| 11 | Study risk of bias | Assessment of study methodological quality | ✓ Впроваджено | Rigor criterion M (0–10), quality distribution |
| 12 | Effect measures | Effect measures for outcomes | — Обґрунтовано N/A | Qualitative synthesis without meta-analytic pooled effects |
| 13a-f | Synthesis methods | Synthesis criteria and grouping methods | ✓ Впроваджено | Tag-based clustering, comparative study cards |
| 14 | Reporting bias | Assessment of reporting/publication bias | ✓ Впроваджено | Analysis of paywall exclusions & open access skew |
| 15 | Certainty assessment | Certainty assessment of body of evidence | ✓ Впроваджено | Automated quote grounding against full-text Markdown |
| 16 | Study selection | Selection results (flow diagram, counts) | ✓ Впроваджено | 100% stage conservation closure verified |
| 17 | Study characteristics | Characteristics of included studies table | ✓ Впроваджено | Interactive table with DOI, venue, year, tags |
| 18 | Risk of bias in studies | Risk of bias findings across studies | ✓ Впроваджено | Methodological rigor M & study designs table |
| 19 | Results of individual studies | Results for each individual study | ✓ Впроваджено | Public paper pages /doi/{doi} with full analysis |
| 20a-d | Results of syntheses | Results of syntheses & sub-groups | ✓ Впроваджено | Daily living editions, RSS feed, tag filters |
| 21 | Reporting biases | Results of reporting biases assessment | ✓ Впроваджено | Paywall n=384, retracted n=0 |
| 22 | Certainty of evidence | Summary of evidence certainty | ✓ Впроваджено | Gwet's AC₁, Cohen's κ, stratified recall, ROC AUC |
| 23a-d | Discussion | Discussion, limitations, implications | ✓ Впроваджено | Limitations section (23b, 23c) in methods |
| 24a-c | Registration & protocol | Registration, protocol availability, amendments | ✓ Впроваджено | Public repo, version history of search & rubric |
| 25 | Support | Financial & non-financial support | ✓ Впроваджено | Free API tiers declared in methods |
| 26 | Competing interests | Competing interests statement | ✓ Впроваджено | Declared in methods section |
| 27 | Data & code availability | Availability of data, analytical code, materials | ✓ Впроваджено | Export to CSV / JSON buttons, open-source code |
Limitations (23b, 23c)
- Open access only: paywalled papers never reach the synthesis, so the sample skews to open and preprint work.
- Screening ranks by quality and novelty rather than pure eligibility, so the sample skews towards counter-consensus work. Validity is measured against one expert (see above); a single LLM reviewer, model bias and version differences remain possible.
- The lexical filter and result caps can miss works with other terminology; sources skew English-language.
- Records scored under an older rubric version are not rescored automatically (see version table).
- Free Gemini quota: daily limits slow analysis; some selected works wait in the queue.
Registration, protocol, amendments, support, data (24–27)
- Registration: not registered. The protocol is the configuration (topic, queries, rubric, thresholds) in the project repository; it is reproduced in this block.
- Amendments: search versions (search_version) and rubric versions (rubric_version), tables above.
- Funding: none declared, free API tiers are used. Competing interests: none declared.
- Data: analyses and metadata are on article pages, RSS and sitemap; full texts are private (copyright) and not published.
Filter by Tags
Select one or more tags to refine the flow numbers and article corpus.
#psychometrics (115)
#Psychometrics (71)
#Item Response Theory (60)
#academic integrity (52)
#assessment validity (52)
#Assessment Validity (51)
#item response theory (46)
#Automated Essay Scoring (43)
#higher education (43)
#automated essay scoring (40)
#Generative AI (32)
#Construct Validity (31)
#construct validity (27)
#LLM as rater (26)
#Large Language Models (25)
#Higher Education (24)
#IRT (24)
#large language models (24)
#LLM Evaluation (23)
#GPT-4 (22)
#generative AI (22)
#assessment redesign (20)
#Academic Integrity (19)
#Automated Scoring (19)
#prompt engineering (19)
#ChatGPT (18)
#LLM as Rater (17)
#Prompt Engineering (17)
#automated scoring (17)
#Assessment Redesign (16)
#assessment design (16)
#assessment_design (16)
#AI-resilient assessment (14)
#validity (14)
#LLMs as raters (13)
#automated assessment (13)
#differential item functioning (13)
#Computer Science Education (12)
#Computerized Adaptive Testing (12)
#LLM-as-a-judge (12)
#academic_integrity (12)
#benchmarking (12)
#formative assessment (12)
#inter-rater reliability (12)
#Automated Item Generation (11)
#Differential Item Functioning (11)
#Knowledge Tracing (11)
#LLMs as Test Takers (11)
#Quadratic Weighted Kappa (11)
#assessment-validity (11)
#assessment_validity (11)
#rater drift (11)
#AI-resistant assessment (10)
#Inter-Rater Reliability (10)
#automated item generation (10)
#automated_essay_scoring (10)
#computerized adaptive testing (10)
#item_response_theory (10)
#AI-Resilient Assessment (9)
#DIF (9)
| # | Status / Stage | Paper | LLM Score | Expert Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12501 | Screened Out |
A Theory-Driven Scale for Assessing Text-Based Generative AI Literacy from a Self-Efficacy Perspective (T-GASE)
Education and Information Technologies (2026) · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-14023-y · v1.0 |
2.6 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12502 | scored |
Use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory ‐ Computer Adaptive Test in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (2025) · doi:10.1111/dmcn.16324 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12503 | scored |
Item Response Theory of the English Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International Tool Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Four Different Sites
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (2025) · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000445 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12504 | scored |
Psychometric properties of full WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire for application through phone surveys: an experience in PERSIAN traffic cohort
Discover Public Health (2025) · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-00536-3 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12505 | Screened Out |
Psychometric Properties of the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation in a Diverse Sample
Assessment (2025) · doi:10.1177/10731911251330498 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12506 | Screened Out |
A novel child-centred core palliative care outcome measure for use in clinical practice and research: findings from a multinational validation study
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2025) · doi:10.1186/s12955-025-02346-2 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12507 | Screened Out |
Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Community Wellbeing Index: A Multicountry Validation Study
Social Indicators Research (2025) · doi:10.1007/s11205-025-03593-y · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12508 | Screened Out |
Brain Injury Sense of Self Scale: psychometric development of a new measure of strength of self-identity after traumatic brain injury
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (2025) · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.25.08721-0 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12509 | No Fulltext |
Bias-Corrected Fixed Item Parameter Calibration, with an Application to PISA Data
Stats (2025) · doi:10.3390/stats8020029 · v1.0 |
6.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12510 | Screened Out |
Development of a functioning metric for the ageing population using data from the survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe (SHARE)
PLoS ONE (2025) · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320068 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12511 | Screened Out |
Validity and reliability of the Sanitation-related Quality of Life index (SanQoL-5) in six countries
Nature Water (2025) · doi:10.1038/s44221-025-00434-7 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12512 | Screened Out |
Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Danish version of the haematological malignancy patient-reported outcome measure (HM-PRO)
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes (2025) · doi:10.1186/s41687-025-00869-2 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12513 | Screened Out |
Reliability and validity of the Transthyretin Amyloidosis – Quality of Life (ATTR-QOL) Questionnaire impact scales
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes (2025) · doi:10.1186/s41687-025-00880-7 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12514 | Screened Out |
Measuring lower secondary school students’ attitude towards science across gender and socioeconomic status: Validation of the BRAINS instrument
JURNAL Kajian Pendidikan IPA (2025) · doi:10.52434/jkpi.v5i1.42594 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12515 | Screened Out |
Comparing the psychometric evidence of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) between Spanish and Chinese primary schoolteachers: insights from classical test theory and Rasch analysis
BMC Psychology (2025) · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02728-7 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12516 | Screened Out |
Adaptasi Instrumen Community Attitudes Toward The Mentally Ill (CAMI) Versi Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Rasch Model
Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi) (2025) · doi:10.28932/humanitas.v9i1.10432 · v1.0 |
2.1 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12517 | Screened Out |
Development and validation of preschool teachers’ inclusive knowledge questionnaire in the Chinese context
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2025) · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04896-8 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12518 | Screened Out |
0507 Evaluating Differential Item Functioning of the Insomnia Severity Index Using Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis
SLEEP (2025) · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf090.0507 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12519 | Screened Out |
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Testing System of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (CAT–WHODAS 2.0) for People With Dementia
American Journal of Occupational Therapy (2025) · doi:10.5014/ajot.2025.050965 · v1.0 |
3.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12520 | Screened Out |
Harmonized cognitive performance in an older adult cohort of Vietnamese American immigrants: The VIP study
Alzheimer s & Dementia (2025) · doi:10.1002/alz.70097 · v1.0 |
2.8 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12521 | scored |
Deep Learning for Intrusion Prevention Systems: Taxonomy, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Directions
arXiv/Crossref (2025) · doi:10.1109/ictbig68706.2025.11323271 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12522 | scored |
Hybrid Deep Learning approach for Paddy Leaf Disease Detection
arXiv/Crossref (2025) · doi:10.1109/icatc68823.2025.11407713 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12523 | scored |
Understanding AI-Powered Risk Scoring in Identity Systems
Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management (2025) · doi:10.52783/jisem.v10i63s.13987 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12524 | scored |
Predicting Incident Recurrence in Real-World IT Operations
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2025) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.17954626 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12525 | scored |
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Trials: Transforming the Future of Drug Development
MedScien (2025) · doi:10.61173/mcs6w311 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12526 | scored |
Semantic Drift Detection in Self-Healing ETL Pipelines for Hybrid Cloud Warehouses
Journal of Cyber-Physical Security and Robotics (2025) · doi:10.64235/86epfy65 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12527 | scored |
Enhanced vulnerability severity assessment via graph convolutional network-based dependency analysis
International Journal of Computers and Applications (2025) · doi:10.1080/1206212x.2025.2603286 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12528 | scored |
BIO-INSPIRED ADAPTIVE ANOMALY DETECTION IN IOT USING ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS AND DYNAMIC DETECTOR SELECTION
Archives for Technical Sciences (2025) · doi:10.70102/afts.2025.1833.997 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12529 | scored |
Etika Transformatif Pendidik: Studi Hermeneutis Al-Qur'an dan Hadis dalam Adabul ‘Alim An-Nawawi
Musala Jurnal Pesantren dan Kebudayaan Islam Nusantara (2026) · doi:10.37252/jpkin.v5i1.2433 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12530 | Screened Out |
EVALUATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
FASHOHAH Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Arab (2026) · doi:10.33474/fsh.v6i2.26039 · v1.0 |
1.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12531 | scored |
The National Research Ethics System Of Uzbekistan: Institutional Architecture, Policy And Emerging Mechanisms Of Research Governance
Journal of Intellectual Property and Human Rights (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.22689500 · v1.0 |
0.0 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12532 | Screened Out |
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES AS A MODERN APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.22302069 · v1.0 |
1.7 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12533 | Screened Out |
Thinking to learn: Navigating AI Use and Integrity in Higher Education Assessment
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (2026) · doi:10.25916/sut.33425680 · v1.0 |
4.2 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12534 | Screened Out |
PERANCANGAN SISTEM COMPUTER-BASED TEST (CBT) BERBASIS WEB PADA AKADEMIS.AI
Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi (2026) · doi:10.24912/jiksi.v14i2.38604 · v1.0 |
2.9 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12535 | Screened Out |
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS' PERSONALITY MATURITY AND ETHICAL AWARENESS IN THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) A STUDY AT LP3I JAKARTA POLYTECHNIC
IC-BESTS International Conference on Business Economics Technology and Social Sciences (2026) · doi:10.34127/icbests.v1i1.227 · v1.0 |
1.9 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12536 | Screened Out |
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING COMPETENCE AMONG UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.22137430 · v1.0 |
1.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12537 | Screened Out |
Utilization of Artificial Intelligence to Support the Learning Process in Higher Education
Assoeltan Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement (2026) · doi:10.70610/edujavare.v4i02.1908 · v1.0 |
1.7 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12538 | Screened Out |
GenAI in Higher Education: Perceived Benefits and Risks and Their Implications for KM and Trust
European Conference on Knowledge Management (2026) · doi:10.34190/eckm.27.1.5296 · v1.0 |
1.7 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12539 | Screened Out |
Using GenAI in the Academic Environment – a Survey on the Experience of Students of the Faculty of Business Administration
European Conference on Knowledge Management (2026) · doi:10.34190/eckm.27.1.4727 · v1.0 |
2.6 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12540 | scored |
Mapping artificial intelligence adoption, perceptions, and governance in Indian higher education: A scoping review
Research Square (2026) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10639862/v1 · v1.0 |
0.0 (Flash Lite) | — |
| 12541 | Screened Out |
Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching in Pakistan and Global EFL Contexts (2020–2025): A Comparative Systematic Review
arXiv/Crossref (2026) · doi:10.66857/2144 · v1.0 |
3.1 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12542 | Screened Out |
Generative artificial intelligence in medical education: from knowledge assessment to clinical reasoning and professional competence
Frontiers in Medicine (2026) · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1855759 · v1.0 |
3.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12543 | Screened Out |
The Correlation between Parental Pressure and Academic Dishonesty
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports (2026) · doi:10.9734/ajarr/2026/v20i91443 · v1.0 |
2.1 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12544 | Screened Out |
Policy, pedagogy, and perceived inevitability: Turkish EFL teachers' perspectives on deterring cheating in online assessments
Language Testing in Asia (2026) · doi:10.1186/s40468-026-00472-2 · v1.0 |
3.3 (gemini-3.5-flash-lite) | — |
| 12545 | Screened Out |
Deep learning attention-based smart surveillance for automatic exam cheating detection
African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development (2026) · doi:10.1080/20421338.2026.2696943 · v1.0 |
4.3 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12546 | Screened Out |
Artificial Intelligence and Psychiatric Training: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future of Mental Health Education
Cureus (2026) · doi:10.7759/cureus.115140 · v1.0 |
2.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12547 | No Fulltext |
Q-SID: Detecting collusion groups from exam question scores with error quantification
Patterns (2026) · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2026.101642 · v1.0 |
6.7 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12548 | Screened Out |
GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LEARNING ANALYTICS AND LEARNING PERSONALIZATION: A REVIEW OF PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Artefactum (2026) · doi:10.23900/artefactum.v25i7.3812 · v1.0 |
1.7 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12549 | Screened Out |
Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Large Language Model for Robust and Explainable AI Text Detection
Knowledge (2026) · doi:10.3390/knowledge6030022 · v1.0 |
4.4 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |
| 12550 | Screened Out |
Associations between generative artificial intelligence use in learning with perceived academic achievement and academic integrity awareness among dental hygiene students
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene (2026) · doi:10.13065/jksdh.2026.26.4.4 · v1.0 |
2.9 (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) | — |